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ANTHROPOMETRIC
DESCRIPTIONS
"X" TO DIMENSIONS
"X"
refers to a mark placed on the thumb side of the forearm and from which the
distances to the Hand Grip, Finger-Tip, Hook, and Thumb-Tip interfaces on the
hand are measured. The most
convenient location of the "X" mark was found to be on the distal
third of the forearm. Measurements are taken from both arms. It is not necessary that the locations of marks on
both arms be identical.
"X" TO GRIP
With the elbow flexed to 90 degrees and the forearm and hand horizontal and
forward, a 1 inch diameter dowel is held in the grip of the hand and oriented
vertically. The distance between the "X" mark and the near surface of
the dowel, parallel to the axis of the forearm, is measured.
"X" TO
HOOK
The
arm and hand are oriented as with "X" to Fingertip. The distance
between the "X" mark and the most distal crease in the index finger is
measured.
The
arm is oriented as with "X" To Grip, but the hand is flattened and
thrust forward. The distance between the "X" mark and the tip of the
index finger is measured.
"X" TO THUMB
The arm and hand are oriented as with "X" to Hook, but with the thumb flattened along the palmar edge of the palm at the base of the forefinger. The distance between the "X" mark and the tip of the thumb is measured.
CONVENTIONAL ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS
BUTTOCK-KNEE
LENGTH
Subject sits erect, feet resting on a surface adjusted so that the knees
are flexed to about right angles and thighs horizontal.
Measure the horizontal distance from the rearmost surface of the right
buttock to the forward surface of the right kneecap.
SHOULDER
(BIDELTOID) BREADTH
Subject sits erect, head in the Frankfort plane, upper arms hanging
relaxed, elbows flexed to about 90 degrees, forearms and hands extended forward
horizontally. Measure the horizontal distance between the maximum lateral
protrusions of the right and left deltoid muscles.
SITTING
ABDOMINAL DEPTH
Subject sits erect, upper arms hanging relaxed, forearms and hands
extended forward horizontally. Breathing
is normal. Measure the horizontal
depth of the abdomen at its greatest above the upper surface of the thighs.
SITTING
EYE HEIGHT
Subject sits erect, head in the Frankfort plane, upper arms hanging
relaxed, forearms and hands extended forward horizontally.
Measure the vertical distance from the sitting surface to the right
external canthus (outer "corner" of eye).
SITTING
HEIGHT
Subject sits erect, head in the Frankfort plane, upper arms hanging
naturally at sides, elbows flexed to 90 degrees, forearms and hands directed
forward. Measure the vertical
distance from the sitting surface to the top of the head.
SITTING
KNEE HEIGHT
Subject sits with feet resting on a surface adjusted so that the thighs
are horizontal and the knees are flexed to about 90 degrees.
Measure the vertical distance from the footrest surface to the superior
margin of the right knee cap.
SITTING
SHOULDER (ACROMION) HEIGHT
Subject sits erect, head in the Frankfort plane, upper arms hanging
relaxed at sides, and forearms and hands extended forward horizontally.
Measure the vertical distance from the sitting surface to the right
Acromion - the bony landmark at the tip of the shoulder.
STATURE
(STANDING HEIGHT)
Subject stands erect, head in the Frankfort plane, heels together, and
weight distributed equally on both feet. Measure
the distance from the floor to the top of the head.
THIGH
CIRCUMFERENCE
Subject stands erect with feet separated by about 15 inches.
Measure the circumference of the right thigh with the tape as high as
possible in the crotch.
THUMBTIP
REACH
Subject stands erect with heels, buttocks, and back in contact with a
wall or other vertical surface. The
right arm is rotated forward to the horizontal, thumb and forefinger tips
opposed in a fingertip grasping attitude, thumb extended and parallel to the
axis of the arm and forearm. Measure
the distance from the wall to the tip of the thumb.
WEIGHT
Subject is wearing shorts and top as appropriate.
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